Charismatic and eloquent, Malcolm X soon became an influential leader of the NOI, which combined Islam with Black nationalism and sought to encourage disadvantaged young Black people searching for confidence in segregated America. C. The laws provided African Americans with voting rights. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. In the summer of 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) urged white students from the North to travel to Mississippi, where they helped register Black voters and build schools for Black children. When once we encourage such a system, it is equivalent to admitting our incompetency [inability] for self-government and our inability to seek better conditions. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? Oftexaggerated reports of the insurrectionsome said that hundreds of white people had been killedsparked a wave of anxiety across the South. The case eventually made its way to the Supreme Court, where a majority of members decided on June 12, 1967, that laws banning interracial marriage were unconstitutional. Parks, a 42-year-old seamstress, was also the secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. In 1962, however, a crisis erupted when the state-funded University of Mississippi (known as Ole Miss) admitted a Black man, James Meredith. It allowed meat to be shipped long distances. You can ask a new question or browse more History questions. By the summer of 1862, however, Lincoln had come to believe he could not avoid the slavery question much longer. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! A federal court struck down this act, and four of the nine students returned, under police protection, after the schools were reopened in 1959. Library of Congress The 15th Amendment, adopted in 1870, guaranteed that a citizens right to vote would not be deniedon account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. During Reconstruction, Black Americans won election to southern state governments and even to the U.S. Congress. To ensure a complex business ran smoothly. Our greatest trouble has always been caused by extremists who, without shadow of authority, attempted to voice the sentiments of this Order; and from this day forward I am determined that no sniveling anarchist will speak for me, and if he attempts it under shadow of this organization, then he or I must leave the Order, for I will not attempt to guide the affairs of a society that is so lacking in manhood as to allow the very worst element of the community to make use of the prestige it has gained to promote the vilest of schemes against society. In what area did airplanes first prove to be of practical value? The railroads provided jobs for settlers. President Johnson signed it into law the following day. In Regarding the Pain of Others, Susan Sontag says of war, We do not and cannot imagine what it was like, how dreadful or terrifying it was, how normal it becomes. How might Sadiq be regarded as a response to Sontags statement? However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. More than 20,000 women and men in the ILGWU walked off their jobs in 1909. 1 Apart from its obvious negative impact on African American individuals, families, and communities, the racial . Based on the text on the banners, which workers' issue most likely prompted this protest demonstration? The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. D.the give me liberty or death speech to ensure a complex business ran smoothly. [It] is evident [obvious] that the state, and if necessary the nation, has got to possess the right of supervision and control as regards the great corporations which are its creatures; particularly as regards the great business combinations [corporations] which derive [develop] a portion of their importance from the existence of some monopolistic tendency [desire for no competition]. successful at negotiating for shorter hours. The quotation supports Morgan's practice of. The Great Migration was one of the largest migrations ever of the African American population. The campaign for African American rightsusually referred to as the civil rights movement or the freedom movementwent forward in the 1940s and '50s in persistent and deliberate steps. By 1877, when the last federal soldiers left the South and Reconstruction drew to a close, Black Americans had seen dishearteningly little improvement in their economic and social status, and what political gains they had made had been wiped away by the vigorous efforts of white supremacist forces throughout the region. New methods were found to prevent African Americans from voting. Ranching is common in temperate, dry areas, such as the Pampas region of South . . Which of the following contributed most to this process towards statehood? The date and the story of the enslaved Africans have become symbolic of slaverys roots, despite captive and free Africans likely being present in the Americas in the 1400s and as early as 1526 in the region that would become the United States. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. Their aim was to capture enough ammunition to lead a large operation against Virginias slaveholders. After 1619, when a Dutch ship brought 20 Africans ashore at the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia, slavery spread quickly through the American colonies. A. only in confederate territory I have a dream, King intoned, expressing his faith that one day white and Black people would stand together as equals, and there would be harmony between the races: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.. They were established as a step toward legal freedoms for African Americans C. They increased an owner's control over their enslaved. A. By 1885, most southern states had laws requiring separate schools for Black and white students, and by 1900, persons of color were required to be separated from white people in railroad cars and depots, hotels, theaters, restaurants, barber shops and other establishments. The white protective societies that arose during this periodthe largest of which was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)sought to disenfranchise Black voters by using voter suppression and intimidation as well as more extreme violence. What did the Thirteenth Amendment do? Estimates of the number of participants in the Million Man March ranged from 400,000 to more than 1 million, and its success spurred the organization of a Million Woman March, which took place in 1997 in Philadelphia. However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. No tide of racism can stop us, King proclaimed from the steps of the state capitol building, addressing the nearly 50,000 supportersBlack and whitewho met the marchers in Montgomery. Thanks to the campaign of nonviolent resistance championed by Martin Luther King Jr. beginning in the late 1950s, the civil rights movement had begun to gain serious momentum in the United States by 1960. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. Many scholars consider it as two waves, between 1916 and 1930, and from 1940 . Obamas appearances in both the primaries and the general election drew impressive crowds, and his message of hope and changeembodied by the slogan Yes We Caninspired thousands of new voters, many young and Black, to cast their vote for the first time in the historic election. Which Reconstruction-era political group came from the North to the South to influence politics? Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. The expansion of major rail lines linking the West and the East enabled people and supplies to move cheaply. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a small band of less than 50 men in a raid against the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Despite Martin Luther King Jr.s inspiring words at the Lincoln Memorial during the historic March on Washington in August 1963, violence against Black people in the segregated South continued to indicate the strength of white resistance to the ideals of justice and racial harmony King espoused. What role did both men and women among Plains Indians share? The other was to take the whole art of photography and starting with perfecting dry plates, set out to make the camera as easy a recorder as the pencil. Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. wheat prices declined What industry was Andrew Carnegie part of? Congress required southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and enact universal male suffrage before they could rejoin the Union, and the state constitutions during those years were the most progressive in the regions history. a. John Brown was hanged on December 2, 1859. . How was the tragedy at Wounded Knee related to the Ghost Dance? They chose exile and abandoned the state for nine years, making periodic trips back to visit family while trying to avoid being detected. C? . A. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Meanwhile, the boycott stretched on for more than a year, and the bus company struggled to avoid bankruptcy. The case went to the Supreme Court, where Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the majority eventually ruled that Scott was an enslaved person and not a citizen, and thus had no legal rights to sue. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations. The quotation supports Morgan's practice of. In March 1991, officers with the California Highway Patrol attempted to pull an African American man named Rodney King over for speeding on a Los Angeles freeway. B)opened weapons factories. From 1950 to 1980, the total Black population in Americas urban centers increased from 6.1 million to 15.3 million; during this same time period, white Americans steadily moved out of the cities into the suburbs, taking with them many of the employment opportunities Black people needed. Why would the loss of farm structures make it especially difficult for the southern economy to recover? Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. How did western farmers try to improve their conditions when they fell on hard times in the late 1800s? By asserting that the equal protection clause was not violated as long as reasonably equal conditions were provided to both groups, the Court established the separate but equal doctrine that would thereafter be used for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. What happened after the 15th amendment was passed? The result was the Voting Rights Act, which Congress passed in August 1965. On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. In Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the Court extended the earlier ruling to include bus terminals, restrooms and other related facilities, and CORE took action to test the enforcement of that ruling. Which economic practice helps motivate companies to keep prices low and improve product quality? The laws gave African Americans land or farms. There on the sidewalk ______the photographers. What best accounts for the number of southern votes cast for Johnson's impeachment? They further agreed to give up their nomadic life, which often brought them into conflict with other tribes in the region, with settlers, and with railroad surveys. Even if you're writing about a place, people may be part of your description. B. Which change led to the end of open ranching in the west? In 1952, the former Malcolm Little was released from prison after serving six years on a robbery charge; while incarcerated, he had joined the Nation of Islam (NOI, commonly known as the Black Muslims), given up drinking and drugs and replaced his surname with an X to signify his rejection of his slave name. On November 13, 1956, in Browder v. Gayle, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower courts decision declaring the bus companys segregation seating policy unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. In 1923, the U.S. government successfully prosecuted and convicted Garvey for mail fraud in connection with selling stock in his Black Star Line shipping company. Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land. Floyd had been accused of using a counterfeit $20 bill at a local deli in Minneapolis. Based on this text, why might tensions have broken out between Sitting Bull and the United States government? Studies indicate the median white family in the United States holds more than ten times the wealth of the median African American family. Though he largely stayed out of the political spotlight after stepping down, Powell remained an admired figure in Washington and beyond. In October 1995, hundreds of thousands of Black men gathered in Washington, D.C. for the Million Man March, one of the largest demonstrations of its kind in the capitals history. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. B. Blues singer Bessie Smith, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, bandleader Louis Armstrong, composer Duke Ellington, dancer Josephine Baker and actor Paul Robeson were among the leading entertainment talents of the Harlem Renaissance, while Paul Laurence Dunbar, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay, Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were some of its most eloquent writers. Why did miners in the West create groups of vigilantes? "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. There was a flip side to this greater exposure, however: Emerging Black writers relied heavily on white-owned publications and publishing houses, while in Harlems most famous cabaret, the Cotton Club, the preeminent Black entertainers of the day played to exclusively white audiences. At its conclusion, King quoted an old Negro spiritual: Free at last! In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). . rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s. Born in Jamaica, the Black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey founded his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) there in 1914; two years later, he brought it to the United States. For millions of viewers throughout the country, the unforgettable images provided a vivid contrast between the angry forces of white supremacy and the quiet, dignified resistance of African American students. Some 100 enslaved people, including innocent bystanders, lost their lives in the struggle. Perhaps your grandmother, for example, always says goodbye with "God bless you." Choose the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject, and write it in the blank. On Jan 1 1863 President Abe Lincoln signed the Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? In 1980, entrepreneur Robert L. Johnson founded Black Entertainment Television (BET), which he later sold to entertainment giant Viacom for some $3 billion. Though it was difficult to enforce from state to state, especially with the growth of abolitionist feeling in the North, the law helped enshrine and legitimize slavery as an enduring American institution. They kept the cattle moving and rounded up strays. In the spring of 1861, the bitter sectional conflicts that had been intensifying between North and South over the course of four decades erupted into civil war, with 11 southern states seceding from the Union and forming the Confederate States of America. Taken from a much-copied minstrel routine written by a white actor who performed often in blackface, the name Jim Crow came to serve as a general derogatory term for African Americans in the post-Reconstruction South. The fruits of the toil [labor] of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented [never having happened or existed before] in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty. As the growth of the cotton industry led inexorably to an increased demand for enslaved Africans, the prospect of slave rebellionsuch as the one that triumphed in Haiti in 1791drove slaveholders to make increased efforts to prevent a similar event from happening in the South. King, who was on probation for robbery and had been drinking, led them on a high-speed chase, and by the time the patrolmen caught up to his car, several officers of the Los Angeles Police Department were on the scene. How is Judith Templeton depicted? How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate? Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? A - no. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. It is cold and we have no blankets. At the time, interracial marriage was illegal in Virginia and the newly-wed couple was guilty of breaking the law. Parks refused and was arrested for violating the citys racial segregation ordinances, which mandated that Black passengers sit in the back of public buses and give up their seats for white riders if the front seats were full. Which factor further reduced future opportunities for children at work before 1910? I like a little competition, but I like combination more." How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? Powell sought to build international support for the controversial U.S invasion of Iraq in 2003, delivering a divisive speech to the United Nations regarding that countrys possession of weapons material that was later revealed to be based on faulty intelligence. Most took up arms hoping to be read more, Long before Christopher Columbus stepped foot on what would come to be known as the Americas, the expansive territory was inhabited by Native Americans. Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? While its original mission was to protect Black people from white brutality by sending patrol groups into Black neighborhoods, the Panthers soon developed into a Marxist group that promoted Black Power by urging African Americans to arm themselves and demand full employment, decent housing and control over their own communities. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. That year, John F. Kennedy made passage of new civil rights legislation part of his presidential campaign platform; he won more than 70 percent of the African American vote. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? (Credit: Francis Miller/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images), Francis Miller / The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? The Justice Department eventually indicted 19 men for violating the three volunteers civil rights (the only charge that would give the federal government jurisdiction over the case) and after a three-year-long legal battle, the men finally went on trial in Jackson, Mississippi. At its most basic level, the act gave the federal government more power to protect citizens against discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex or national origin. Several states called special emergency sessions of the legislature, and most strengthened their codes in order to limit the education, movement and assembly of enslaved people. At 2 a.m. on July 11, 1958, Mildred Jeter was lying next to her husband Richard Loving, when police began knocking on their door, demanding to know about the nature of their relationship. Samuel Gompers, 1912 Its influence had stretched around the world, opening the doors of mainstream culture to Black artists and writers. The laws gave African Americans land for farms. Which of the following contributed most to this process towards statehood? Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. Only a few southern states have been readmitted to the Union. to ensure a complex business ran smoothly. Garveys boast of 6 million followers in 1923 was probably exaggerated, but even his critics admitted that the UNIA had some 500,000 members. What industry was Andrew Carnegie part of? In September 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Merediths favor, but state officials including Governor Ross Barnett vowed to block his admission. Tills mother held an open-casket funeral for her son in Chicago, hoping to bring public attention to the brutal murder. Governor George Wallace was a leading foe of desegregation, and Birmingham had one of the strongest and most violent chapters of the Ku Klux Klan. Kings assassination, along with the killing of Malcolm X three years earlier, radicalized many moderate African American activists, fueling the growth of the Black Power movement and the Black Panther Party. Martins death set off nationwide protests like the Million Hoodie March. What was the goal of the reformers who wanted to help Native Americans in the late 1800s? During the 1830s, the owner of an enslaved man named Dred Scott had taken him from the slave state of Missouri to the Wisconsin territory and Illinois, where slavery was outlawed, according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman finally integrated the U.S. Armed Forces under an executive order mandating that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin., READ MORE: Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948. Floyds killing came on the heels of two other high-profile cases in 2020. B.his second inaugural Address In May 1961, CORE sent seven African Americans and six white Americans on a freedom ride on two buses from Washington, D.C. The couple was then given a choice: spend 25 years in prison or leave Virginia. What negative impact did the steel mills have?
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