Reflect on the following questions and add to Padlet as appropriate: Which top three roles do you think you align most with? What would a person who looked at this list be able to tell about you? (Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2011), 4. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. Personality: Personality traits influence how a person selects perceptions. This awareness is a useful first step in developing your abilities to relate with and understand other people too. There are four stages of nondominant identity development (Martin & Nakayama, 2010). Pledging a fraternity or sorority is an example of a social identity. Two related but distinct components of our identities are our personal and social identities (Spreckels, J. From what youve learned so far in this book, what communication skills are important for a diversity trainer to have? Communications Monographs, 63(4), 314336. We make assumptions based on our own perception, but we are not always right. Channels that communicate verbal information, such as phone calls, for example, are less rich. Some organizations are going further than legal compliance to try to create inclusive climates where diversity is valued because of the interpersonal and economic benefits it has the potential to produce. This better understanding of your interpersonal communication preferences is the grounding you should find useful in the next chapter on cross-cultural communication. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1558191/Nerds-get-revenge-now-its-hip-to-be-square.html. Having taught about various types of privilege for years, Ive encountered many students who want to return their privilege or disown it. But if the person doesnt avow that identity, using that label can create friction and may even hurt the other persons feelings. For example, when a baby is crying, we, as adults, wonder, Has the baby eaten? Ascribed identity Ascribed identities can be thought of as the identities that other people, or society, might impose on you. You can change or modify your personality, motivation, or experience. In these situations, it is more likely that stereotypes and prejudice will influence our communication. My Three Cultures: Navigating the Multicultural Identity Landscape. It is from these cultural influences that our identities are formed. This movement includes people who are hearing impaired and believe that their use of a specific language, American Sign Language (ASL), and other cultural practices constitutes a unique culture, which they symbolize by capitalizing the D in Deaf (Allen, 2011). Depending on the details of your message, you will identify the most effective channel to use. - identities are a product of contact with others. IDENTITY was Dictionary.coms word of the year for 2015! There may be conflict between the two kinds of identity. Our membership may be voluntary (Greek organization on campus) or involuntary (family) and explicit (we pay dues to our labor union) or implicit (we purchase and listen to hip-hop music). (1996). They will help you to decide which career path is right for you; for example, if you identify as highly extroverted and conscientious with low neuroticism, you would do well in a sales-oriented position, but someone who identifies on the opposite ends of these scales is unlikely to enjoy or excel at this type of work. Size: A larger size makes selection of an object more likely. It took her over 10 minutes and an uncomfortable conversation to realize that in many Islamic countries, men and women mostly go about their day-to-day lives in separate ways. There are multiple models for examining identity development. Which of your previous working environments did you find most enjoyable? We dont only see similarities and differences on an individual level. Such a person will select perceptions in a way that fits with what they found in the past. Describe a situation in which someone ascribed an identity to you that didn't match with your avowed identities. Communicating Identity in Intercultural Communication. The resistance stage of dominant identity formation is a major change from the previous in that an individual acknowledges the unearned advantages they are given and feels guilt or shame about it. In Martin, J., Flores, L., and Nakayama, T. The chapter wraps up with information to help you determine your preferences and work habits, a review of communication channels, and a peek at Belbins nine team roles that may help you understand and excel at communicating interpersonally while doing team work. During her first trip there was no lineup. Sometimes they match up, and sometimes they do not, but our personal, social, and cultural identities are key influencers on our perceptions of the world. A commitment to a diverse and inclusive workplace environment must include a multipronged approach. For example, how do you perceive the images below? While moving to this step is a marked improvement in regards to becoming a more aware and socially just person, getting stuck in the resistance stage isnt productive, because people are often retreating rather than trying to address injustice. After doing some shuffling with her bags and passport, about 10 minutes after first standing in line, she had a huge realization. The Perception Process. The chapter begins with an overview of the three core elements that make up your identity. The unexamined stage of dominant identity formation is similar to nondominant in that individuals in this stage do not think about their or others identities. He also identified as white instead of Mexican American or Chicano because he saw how his teachers treated the other kids with brown skin. Additionally, some gay or lesbian people in this stage of identity development may try to act straight. In either case, some people move to the next stage, resistance and separation, when they realize that despite their efforts they are still perceived as different by and not included in the dominant group. The next time you have a disagreement with someone, consider whether or not their essential needs are currently being met, and you may find that the lack of fulfillment of these needsnot something you have said or doneis playing a part in the persons emotional response. This problem has been solved! Part of perception in a communication context is about how we perceive another persons mood, needs, and emotional state. Ascribed identities are personal, social, or cultural identities that are placed on us by others, while avowed identities are those that we claim for ourselves (Martin & Nakayama, 2010). For example, perhaps you are a millennial who prefers to communicate on-the-go using mobile devices and quick-response channels like text, social media, or instant message. Being aware of this is helpful in interpersonal communication because we can use our perceptions as a catalyst for changing what we pay attention to (personality) in order to communicate better (motivation). The complexity of identity: Who am I. Personal identities include the components of self that are primarily intrapersonal and connected to our life experiences. Contrast: When a perception stands out clearly against a background, the likelihood of selection is greater. While the term has always been considered an ethnic slur, white Afrikaans-speaking people used it as a casual term to reinforce their perceived superiority during the countrys history, particularly during apartheid. Conversely, if you score low on these two traits, that doesnt mean that you will not be a good worker, just that you might not suit this type of environment. Describe a situation in which someone ascribed an identity to you that didn't match with your avowed identities. For example, MC Frontalot, a leader in the nerdcore hip-hop movement, says that being branded a nerd in school was terrible, but now he raps about nerdy things like blogs to sold-out crowds (Shipman, 2007). Have you worked with others who seem to clearly match one or more of the definitions youve uncovered? Marketers, advertisers, and politicians are extremely well-versed in using external factors to influence perceptual selection. The integration stage marks a period where individuals with a nondominant identity have achieved a balance between embracing their own identities and valuing other dominant and nondominant identities. For example, one of our authors had a white South African colleague who, in casual conversation, used a racial term to refer to black South Africans. Perception. In Kotthoff, H., and Spencer-Oatey, H. Depending on your environment, you may feel societal pressure to conform to certain cultural norms. This begins a lifelong process of thinking about who we are now, who we were before, and who we will become (Tatum, 2009). This is important because we then tend to react to someone we perceive as a member of an out-group based on the characteristics we attach to the group rather than the individual (Allen, 2011). explain the relationship between identity and perception, and their influence on achieving shared understanding through communication, describe your own communication and work habit preferences, and. Culture and identity are complex. Knowing more about various types of identities and some common experiences of how dominant and nondominant identities are formed prepares us to delve into more specifics about why difference matters. Lets take a look at each of these needs, beginning with the most basic: Think about how your basic needs are met in your workplace environment. What do you see? Selective perception is driven by internal and external factors. In a professional context, Maslows hierarchy is key to employee motivation, happiness, and productivity. Saenz, A., Census Data Shows a Changed American Landscape, ABC News, March 21, 2011, accessed October 9, 2011, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/census-data-reveals-changed-american-landscape/story?id=13206427. Five-Factor Personality Model by L. UnderwoodAdapted from OpenStax CNX. Objectives: After completing this single-class activity, students should be able to (1) differentiate between the avowed versus ascribed dimensions of cultural identity construction; (2) articulate the contested nature of cultural identity, including how cultural stereotypes guide perceptions of the Other; and (3) demonstrate tolerance through Naturally, our perception is about much more than simply how we see images. Safety: These needs are required for humans to feel secure, and include physical safety, health, and financial security. 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